O Lei de IA da UE is a comprehensive legislative proposal introduced by the European Commission in April 2021, designed to regulate inteligência artificial technologies within the European Union. The Act aims to promote safe and ética practices while fostering innovation and ensuring that sistemas de IA respeite os direitos fundamentais.
A Lei de IA da UE categoriza os sistemas de IA em quatro níveis de risco: risco inaceitável, alto risco, risco limitado, and risco mínimo. Unacceptable risk AI systems, such as those that manipulate human behavior or are used for social scoring by governments, are banned outright. High-risk AI systems, which include applications in critical infrastructure, education, and aplicação da lei, are subject to stringent requirements regarding transparency, accountability, and human oversight.
For limited and minimal risk AI systems, the regulations are less strict, encouraging innovation while still promoting transparency and user awareness. Developers of AI systems must ensure compliance with the Act through risk assessments, governança de dados, and documentation practices.
The Act also establishes a European AI Board to oversee implementation and provide guidance, as well as a framework for cooperation among EU member states. With the EU AI Act, the European Union aims to set a global standard for governança de IA, balancing technological advancement with ethical considerations and public safety.