状態マシン
A state machine is a conceptual model used in コンピュータ科学 and engineering to design systems that can be in one of a limited number of states at any given time. It transitions between these states based on specific inputs and defined rules. State machines are widely used in various applications, including software design, robotics, and 制御システム.
At its core, a state machine consists of a set of states, a set of possible inputs, and a set of transitions that dictate how the system moves from one state to another. Each state represents a condition or situation in which the system can exist. The transitions between states are triggered by inputs, which can be events, signals, or conditions that occur during the operation of the system.
状態マシンには主に二つのタイプがあります：決定性（deterministic）と非決定性（nondeterministic）。決定性状態マシンは、任意の状態からの各入力に対して単一で予測可能な遷移を持ちます。一方、非決定性状態マシンは、同じ入力に対して複数の可能な遷移を持ち、異なる潜在的な状態に導くことがあります。さらに、状態マシンは有限状態マシン（FSM）と無限状態マシンに分類され、前者は限定された数の状態を持ち、後者は無制限の状態を持つことができます。
State machines are beneficial for modeling complex systems because they provide a clear and structured way to represent different conditions and behaviors. They are often used in programming languages, video games, network protocols, and ユーザーインターフェース設計の 状態を管理し、ユーザーの操作やシステムイベントに効果的に対応するために使用されます。