Morfológico operations are a set of non-linear procesamiento de imágenes techniques that process images based on their shapes. They are primarily applied to binary images, where the presence or absence of pixels is critical for analyzing structures. The operations work by probing the image with a structuring element, which is a predefined shape (like a square, diamond, or circle).
Las dos operaciones fundamentales en morfología matemática are dilation and erosion. Dilation adds pixels to the boundaries of objects in an image, effectively enlarging them, while erosion removes pixels on object boundaries, making them smaller. These operations can be combined to achieve more complex effects such as opening (erosion followed by dilation) and closing (dilation followed by erosion), which help in removing noise and filling gaps in binary images.
Operaciones morfológicas más avanzadas incluyen gradiente morfológico, which highlights the edges of objects, and transformada hit-or-miss, which is used for detecting specific shapes. Morphological operations are widely used in various applications such as reconocimiento de objetos, image segmentation, and feature extraction in computer vision.